Notes

Slide Show

Outline

1	Amateur Spectroscopy Or What I did on my summer vacation
2	What is a Spectrum?
3	Each Element has a Unique Spectrum
4	Emission Spectrum
5	Absorption Spectrum
6	Amateur Spectrograph
7	Data Collection Raw Photographic Spectra
8	Data Calibration Wavelength using a known source Fluorescent lamp
9	Data Calibration Intensity using a reference star Instrument response curve
10	Data Calibration Calibrated Data
11	Spectral Classification O Big, Hot & Blue. Strong He lines. Most output in the UV range. B Hot & Blue. Strong H lines. Examples are Rigel & Spica. A Blue-White. Strong H lines. Examples are Vega, Sirius, Deneb F White. Weaker H lines. Examples are Canopus & Procyon. G Yellow. Calcium & CH lines. Examples are Sun, Tau Ceti K Orange. Neutral metals & TiO. Examples are Arcturus, Aldebaran M Red. No H lines. Examples are Proxima Centauri, Bernard’s Star
12	Spectral Classes O B A F G K M
13	Class O HR 7589
14	23 Cygni Spectral Class B Mag. 5.14 B5 Distance = 640 l.y.
15	36 Cygni Spectral Class A Mag. 5.6 A1 Distance = 190 l.y.
16	35 Cygni Spectral Class F Mag. 5.2 F5 Distance = ~2000 l.y.
17	Cygni Spectral Class G Mag.=4.2 G1 Distance unknown
18	24 Perseus Spectral Class K Mag. = 4.9 K0 Distance = 350 l.y.
19	W Cygni Spectral Class M Mag. = 5.4 M4 Distance = 620 l.y.
20	Spectral Classes O B A F G K M ?
21	M27 Emission Nebula
22	Comet Holmes
23	Galactic Red Shift NGC 7331
24	Galactic Red Shift NGC 7331 Red Shift z = (λ_meas-λ_ref)/λ_ref Radial Velocity V = z x c Distance D = V/H₀ H₀is Hubble’s constant or ~ 70.4 km/sec/Mpc For Ha: z=(6581-6563)/6563=0.002743 V=0.002743 x 300,000 km/sec = 823 km/sec D=823/70.4 = 11.4Mpc = 38.1 M ly For Hb: z=(4874-4861)4861=0.002674 And V=0.002674 x 300,000 km/sec = 802 km/sec D=802/70.4 = 11.7Mpc = 37.2 M ly The “real” numbers are: V=822 ±40 km/sec D=40 ±3 M ly
25	More Ideas More Nebulae M42 Reflection Nebulae Stellar Temperatures Unusual objects Carbon stars Quasars Pulsars Supernovae